Friday, February 8, 2008

Chapter 11 Vocabulary

Genetics- scientific study of heredity








True-breeding- term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate




Trait- specific characteristic that varies from
one individual to another








Hybrid- offspring of crosses between
parents with different traits









Gene- sequence of DNA that codes for a protein
and thus determines a trait











Allele- one of a number of different
forms of a gene










Segregation- separation of alleles during
gamete formation




http://biology.about.com/library/glossary/bldefmenlawseg.htm






Gamete- specialized cell involved in
sexual reproduction












Probability- likelihood that a particular event will occur













Punnett Square- diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross










Homozygous- term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait










Heterozygous- term used to refer to an organism
that has two different alleles for the same trait









Phenotype- physical characteristics
of an organism






Genotype- genetic makeup of
an organism









Homologous- term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent











Diploid- term used to refer to a cell that conations both
sets of homologous chromosomes




http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Diploid





Haploid- term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes














Meiosis- process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell















Tetrad- structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis







Crossing-Over- process in which homologous
chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids
during meiosis













Gene Map- diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome










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